2021年11月TOKYO-MOU地区PSC检查情况

2021年11月TOKYO-MOU地区PSC检查情况

数据来源于APCIS

PART ONE

1、基本检查情况

2021年11月1日至11月30日，东京备忘录地区共开展PSC检查2253艘次，发现缺陷4062项，其中滞留船舶41艘次，滞留率为1.82%。

2、船舶滞留情况

11月份10个国家/地区实施了滞留，澳大利亚滞留艘次最多，共滞留了10艘次，其次是中国。

滞留率最高的国家/地区依次是：巴布亚新几内亚，10.00%；巴拿马，5.56%；俄罗斯联邦，5.08%。

3、滞留缺陷类别分布

11月份共开出滞留缺陷125条，占据首位的是证书文书相关缺陷，其次是消防安全和ISM相关缺陷。

02 部分典型滞留缺陷

03 典型滞留缺陷分析

   1、压载舱空气管关闭装置失效

缺陷描述：

Several ballast tanks on deck air pipe closing arrangements defective

甲板上数个压载舱空气管的关闭装置破损。

公约原文：

Load Lines, LL66/ANI/R20

Regulation 20 - Air pipes

(1) Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks extend above the freeboard or superstructure decks, the exposed parts of the pipes shall be of substantial construction; the height from the deck to the point where water may have access below shall be at least 760 mm on the freeboard deck and 450 mm on the superstructure deck.

(2) Where these heights may interfere with the working of the ship, a lower height may be approved, provided that the Administration is satisfied that the closing arrangements and other circumstances justify a lower height.

(3) Air pipes shall be provided with automatic closing devices.

(4) Pressure-vacuum valves (PV valves) may be accepted on tankers.

分析：

该缺陷中空气管的自动关闭装置，是利用浮体自身重力来关闭空气管管道的。由于浮体脱落等问题，导致空气管的自动关闭装置不能正常工作。空气管的自动关闭装置，对于一般货船而言，常见的有两种，球状浮体和碟状浮体，其本身具备一定的重量，不会被轻易打开，只有受到一定的升力才能浮起。自动关闭装置一方面可以起到调节其连通舱室气压的作用，一方面可以避免舱室在恶劣气象条件下进水。由于船上空气管分布于多处，且浮体处于空气管内部，易腐蚀锈烂，会导致自动关闭装置不能开启或者自动关闭。如果不仔细检查容易错过，这就需要在开展日常检查维护时具有足够的耐心和责任感。

  2、主机高压燃油套管泄露报警安装不当

缺陷描述：

Leakage alarm unit of jacketed piping system for high pressure fuel line for main engine installed improperly- drain line not installed

主机高压燃油套管保护系统泄漏报警单元安装不当，泄放管路未安装。

公约原文：

S74-24/CII-2/R4.2.2.5.2

External high-pressure fuel delivery lines between the high-pressure fuel pumps and fuel injectors shall be protected with a jacketed piping system capable of containing fuel from a high-pressure line failure. A jacketed pipe incorporates an outer pipe into which the high-pressure fuel pipe is placed, forming a permanent assembly. The jacketed piping system shall include a means for collection of leakages and arrangements shall be provided with an alarm in case of a fuel line failure.

分析：

根据SOLAS公约及相关修正案规定，1998年7月1日及以后安放龙骨船舶的柴油机高压燃油泵和喷油器之间油管应设有双层套管系统保护和漏油报警装置。1998年7月1日以前建造的船舶应不迟于2003年7月1日符合本条上述要求（输出功率为375KW或以下且一个喷射泵向多个喷嘴供油的柴油机可采取适当外壳围蔽替代上述套管管路系统）。在PSC和FSC检查实践中，主机高压油管套管保护及漏油报警装置几乎成为机舱检查的必查项目，请所有船舶做好自查自纠，避免在PSC检查中出现本例中漏油报警装置安装不当、泄油管未安装等情况。

   3、应急配电板开关无法合闸

缺陷描述：

Emergency generator unable to connect to emergency switchboard during sequence test or after manual trip of engine control room bus.

应急发电机在联锁顺序测试时或在机舱集控室手动断开主配电联络开关后，应急配电板开关无法合闸。

公约原文：

SOLAS ch. II-1 Parts C, D, E, F, S74/CII-1/R43

3.1 Where the emergency source of electrical power is a generator, it shall be: 

.1  driven by a suitable prime mover with an independent supply of fuel, having a flashpoint (closed cup test) of not less than 43°C; 

.2  started automatically upon failure of the main source of electrical power supply unless a transitional source of emergency electrical power in accordance with paragraph 3.1.3 is provided; where the emergency generator is automatically started, it shall be automatically connected to the emergency switchboard; those services referred to in paragraph 4 shall then be connected automatically to the emergency generator; and unless a second independent means of starting the emergency generator is provided the single source of stored energy shall be protected to preclude its complete depletion by the automatic starting system; and 

.3  provided with a transitional source of emergency electrical power as specified in paragraph 4 unless an emergency generator is provided capable both of supplying the services mentioned in that paragraph and of being automatically started and supplying the required load as quickly as is safe and practicable subject to a maximum of 45s.

分析：

 根据上述SOLAS公约要求，如船舶没有配置蓄电池组作为临时应急电源，应急发电机应在船舶失电后45S内完成自动起动并向应急配电板供电。本例中，该轮应急发电机在机旁通过联锁顺序测试，以及在集控室脱开到应急配电板的联络开关，应急发电机均未能自动起动并合闸向应急配电板供电，导致该轮被滞留。该缺陷产生的原因可能有：应急发电机不能起动（包括手动）、自动起动控制系统故障、应急发电机主开关故障、联络开关故障、应急配电板失电继电器故障、应急配电板主开关自动储能装置异常等等。在安检实践中，安检员也曾多次碰到在集控室脱开联络开关应急发电机不动作，但在随后的全船失电试验中应急发电机成功在45S内起动并供电的情况。

03 部分缺陷列举

1.EMERGENCY SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL POWER (DIESEL GENERATOR) OUT-OF-ORDER

2.LIFERAFTS (2 PCS.) OUT-OF-SERVICE.

3.Electronic Charts are not updated in the system

4、SECURITY SYSTEM FOUND DAMAGED - FUNNEL DOOR WAS OPEN FROM THE BEARTH SIDE WITHOUT ANY CONTROL

4、ON BOARD THE SHIP IN ENGAGED VOYAGE BEFORE ARRIVAL IN PORT OF NAKHODKA WAS FOUND THAT BALLAST WATER WAS EXCHANGED WITH SERIOUS VIOLATION OF CONVENTION REQUIREMENTS AND BWM PLAN, AND PART OF THIS BALLAST WATER WAS DISCHARGED OVERBOARD IN PORT OF NAKHODKA (BALLAST WATER WAS FOUND EXCHANGED ON SEA DEPTHS LESS THAN 200 METERS - ON DEPTHS AROUND 70-90 METERS)(QUANTITY OF 14782,5 OF BALLAST WATER WHICH NOT YET DISCHARGED OVERBOARD TO BE REMAIN ON BOARD)