2021年6月TOKYO-MOU地区PSC检查情况

缺陷描述：

Cargo (used cars) is loaded not in accordance with the Cargo Securing Manual (CSM). Passages to liferafts and lifeboat are obstructed by cars.

货物(二手车)的装载不符合货物系固手册(CSM)的要求。通往救生筏和救生艇的通道被汽车堵塞。

公约原文：

SOLAS Chapter VI Regulation 5.6

6 All cargoes, other than solid and liquid bulk cargoes, cargo units and cargo transport units shall be loaded, stowed and secured throughout the voyage in accordance with the Cargo Securing Manual approved by the Administration. In ships with ro-ro spaces, as defined in regulation II-2/3.41, all securing of such cargoes, cargo units and cargo transport units, in accordance with the Cargo Securing Manual, shall be completed before the ship leaves the berth. The Cargo Securing Manual shall be drawn up to a standard at least equivalent to relevant guidelines developed by the Organization***.

SOLAS Chapter II-2 Regulation 13

1 Purpose

The purpose of this regulation is to provide means of escape so that persons onboard can safely and swiftly escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met:

.1 safe escape routes shall be provided;

.2 escape routes shall be maintained in a safe condition, clear of obstacles; and

.3 additional aids for escape shall be provided as necessary to ensure accessibility, clear marking, and adequate design for emergency situations.

分析：

公约要求船舶应提供脱险通道，从而使船上人员能够安全迅速撤向救生艇和救生筏登乘甲板。本案例中由于船上未按照系固手册装载货物，将货物（二手车）直接装载在脱险通道上，阻碍了船上人员在紧急情况下撤向救生设备。

缺陷描述：

Oily Water Seperator operation with 15 ppm alarm could not be demonstrated. Sample water line from oily water seperator to 15 ppm monitor observed not to supply water.

油水分离器15ppm报警无法演示。从油水分离器到15ppm监测仪的取样管中没有水。

公约原文：

分析：

15ppm报警装置是否报警取决于探测器对取样水的检测。当取样水检测结果大于15ppm时，报警装置自动报警，对于适用于MEPC.107(49)的船舶，在报警之后三通阀应动作，自动将排舷外转为排入污水舱进一步循环处理直到小于15ppm后才可继续排舷外。

本案例中，由于取样管无取样水，所以15ppm报警装置无法报警，三通阀无法动作。分析看来，对于排舷外管上的取样管，有的船舶可能会设计有截止阀而船员误操作将此阀关闭，或者长期缺乏维护保养导致取样管堵塞，最终导致15ppm报警装置无法收到取样水的信号，测试值始终为0ppm，因此无论油水分离器处理后是否大于15ppm都将直接排出舷外，造成污染。

缺陷描述：

Emergency generator on load operation could not be demonstrated. Abnormal trip alarm observed repeatedly on emergency switch despite several resets.

应急发电机无法进行有负荷的运行。尽管数次复位，应急配电板屡次出现异常跳闸报警。

公约原文：

SOLAS Chapter II-1 Regulation 43

3 The emergency source of electrical power may be either a generator or an accumulator battery, which shall comply with the following ：

3.1 Where the emergency source of electrical power is a generator, is shall be ：

.2 started automatically upon failure of the main source of electrical power supply unless a transitional source of emergency electrical power in accordance with paragraph 3.1.3 is provided; where the emergency generator is automatically started, it shall be automatically connected to the emergency switchboard; those services referred to in paragraph 4 shall then be connected automatically to the emergency generator; and unless a second independent means of starting the emergency generator is provided the single source of stored energy shall be protected to preclude its complete depletion by the automatic starting system ；and

.3 provided with a transitional source of emergency electrical power as specified in paragraph 4 unless an emergency generator is provided capable both of supplying the services mentioned in that paragraph and of being automatically started and supplying the required load as quickly as is safe and practicable subject to a maximum of 45 s.

分析：

对于应急电源为应急发电机的船舶，按照SOLAS公约要求，在主电源失效开始45秒内应急发电机应自动启动并合闸供电。通过本条缺陷的描述，应急发电机在收到主电源失效的信号以后自动启动，但是频繁跳闸，始终未能合闸并网供电，其原因可能是应急配电板的ACB空气断路器（Air Circuit Breaker）存在故障，导致频繁触发大电流短延时报警并触发ACB空气断路器自动断开最终导致无法合闸。