【干货分享】《油水记录簿》、《垃圾记录簿》你记对了吗？

2024-12-11 17:42来源： 信德海事安全

《油水记录簿》、《垃圾记录簿》你记对了吗？

石勇轮机长

最近在微信群里经常有人问起《油水记录簿》、《垃圾记录簿》及生活污水怎么记录，依据是什么？看到的回答也是五花八门、莫衷一是。对于怎么记录？哪些项目需要记录？每个船旗国要求可能还有不同。只要认真阅读前面的说明，我认为代码、条目、记录内容都应该能找到相应的说明及示例。但是对于记录的数量就不那么好把握了，最有效的方法是根据实际情况记录。最近一次在葡萄牙的里斯本PSC的专门防污检查官上船检查。对船舶防污染设备、防污染相关记录作了详细检查并与欧盟系统进行对比，指出不足之处。我们同PSCO讨论他们检查的依据及标准，他给了我们欧盟相关的法规及标准。对相关信息进行摘录整理加工，希望能有所帮助。

Table 1

Waste Generation Rates for Annexes I, IV and V to the MARPOL Convention (1)

Typeofwaste

废弃物种类

Generation rate

产生率

Driver

来源

On-board treatment

船上处理

Oily bilge water

含油污水

0,01-13 m3 per day, larger ships generate larger quantities.

0,01-13 m3 每天，根据船舶大小确定

Condensation and leakages in the engine room; size of the ship.

冷凝水及泄漏

The amount can be reduced by 65-85 % by using an oil water separator and discharging the water fraction into the sea.

65-85 %可以通过油水分离器排海

Oily residues (sludge)

油渣、油泥

0,01 to 0,03 m3 of sludge per tonne of HFO.

重油出渣0,01 to 0,03 m3

0 to 0,01 m3 per tonne of MGO.

轻油出渣0 to 0,01 m3

Type of fuel; fuel consumption.

根据燃油消耗

Evaporation can reduce the amount of sludge by up to 75 % (2).

蒸发最多减少25%

Incineration can reduce the amount of sludge by 99 % or more.

99%的可以通过焚烧炉焚烧

Tank washings (slops)

洗舱污水

20 to hundreds of m3

Number of tank cleanings; size of loading capacity.

根据船舶大小及舱数

After settling, the water fraction may be discharged at sea.

沉淀后排出海

Sewage

生活污水

0,01 to 0,06 m3 per person per day. Sewage is sometimes mixed with other waste water. The total amount ranges from 0,04 to 0,45 m3 per day per person.

每人每天0,01 to 0,06 m3 黑水

每人每天0,04 to 0,45 m3 包括黑水、灰水

Number of persons on-board; type of toilets; length of voyage; type of treatment: the operation of a sewage treatment plant, or comminuting and disinfection system provides different quantities of waste

根据航程、人员等确定

Effluent from treatment plants is often discharged at sea where permitted under MARPOL Annex IV.

公海排放，特殊区域进收集柜

Plastics

塑料

0,001 to 0,008 m3 of plastics per person per day.

每人每天0,001 to 0,008 m3

Number of persons on-board.

根据航程、人员等确定

Often not incinerated.

Dirty plastics (plastics that have been in contact with food) are often treated as a separate waste stream.

只有有许可证书的焚烧炉才可焚烧

Food wastes

食品垃圾

0,001 to 0,003 m3 per person per day.

每人每天0,001 to 0,003 m3

Number of persons on-board; provisions.

根据航程、人员等确定

Where permitted under MARPOL Annex V, food waste is often discharged at sea.

Domestic wastes

生活垃圾

0,001 to 0,02 m3 per day per person.

每人每天0,001 to 0,02 m3

Number of persons on-board; type of products used.

根据航程、人员等确定

Cooking oil

废弃食用油

0,01 to 0,08 litres per person per day.

每人每天0,01 to 0,08升

Number of persons on-board; type of food prepared.

根据航程、人员等确定

Although not permitted, cooking oil is sometimes still added to the sludge tank.

废弃食用油要单独存放

Incinerator ashes

炉灰

0,004 to 0,06 m3 per month.

每月0,004 to 0,06 m3

Use of incinerator; cost of using incinerator.

根据焚烧量

The incinerator is not used for all types of waste, mostly for paper sometimes for oily sludge.

Operational wastes

作业垃圾

0,001 to 0,1 m3 per person per day.

每人每天0,001 to 0,1 m3

Size of the ship; type of cargo.

Cargo residues

货物残留

0,001-2 % of cargo load.

Type of cargo.

Size of ship.

Table 2

Waste Generation Rates for Annex VI to the MARPOL Convention on waste (exhaust gas cleaning systems, ‘EGCS’)

Typeof EGCS	Coefficient	Unit	Examples (10 MW engine or HFO consumption 40 t/day)
Manufacturer 1
Open loop sludge amount	0,1	kg/MWh	0,1 × 10 MW × 24 = 24 kg/day
Closed loop sludge amount (DAF- BOTU)	3,5 -7,0	kg/MWh, depending on SFOC, MCR and fuel quality	3,5 × 10 MW × 24 = 840 kg/day
Closed loop sludge amount (BOTU-M)	3,0	l/MWh/S%, depending on SFOC, MCR and fuel quality	3,0 × 10 MW × 24 × S2,5 % = 1800 l/day
Manufacturer 2
Closedloop sludge amount	2,5 -3,0	kg/consumed HFO t	2,5 × 40 t/day = 100 kg/day

NB: The amount of exhaust gas cleaning system sludge generated depends ultimately also on the individual installation specifics: the exhaust gas cleaning system manual provided by the manufacturer should therefore be consulted. Information in thetablesprovidedbystakeholdercompanies.

注：废气清洗系统污泥产生的数量最终取决于安装细节，请咨询废气清洗系统制造商

(1) Extracted from EMSA’s study ‘The Management of Ship-Generated Waste On-board Ships’, January 2017.

(2) Evaporation of the water fraction in oil sludge is a process that must be carefully managed and should only be done to the extent to allow combustibility of the sludge intended for incineration.

证书上要有蒸发项目

有不当之处，敬请指正。

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