注意！油轮的除湿系统有可能导致爆炸

蓝海课堂 | IMO事故警示第二十五课：注意！油轮的除湿系统有可能导致爆炸

O1 What the type of casualty

事故类型

Very Serious Marine Casualty: Explosion of gas in forecastle

非常严重的海难事故：艏楼发生气体爆炸

O2 What happened

事故经过

A tanker was undertaking a scheduled passage loaded with Naptha. An explosion was heard and smoke was seen on the forecastle. Immediately after the explosion, the crew was mustered and accounted for with the bosun reported missing. After checking vessel's stability, the master decided to flood the forecastle area with water to avoid the spread of smoke and fire. The fire was subsequently extinguished but the bosun was not found.

一艘装载着石脑油的油轮正在大洋上按照计划航线航行。船舶艏楼突然发现烟雾并可听见爆炸声。爆炸发生后，船员立即被召集起来并清点人数，发现水手长失踪。在核算了船舶稳性后，船长决定用水冷却艏楼区域，以避免烟和火的蔓延。火随后被扑灭，遗憾的是最终还是没有找到失踪的水手长。

O3 Why did it happen

事故原因

A number of tanks were losing pressure at a considerable rate so it was decided to top up the pressure with the nitrogen system. Cargo vapour, which was the only possible source to cause the explosion, had leaked through the de-humidifier system located in the forecastle. The de-humidifier system had not been shut down properly before the cargo had been loaded. The work had not been properly supervised by an officer.

船上的部分货油舱当时正在迅速失去压力，因此该船决定启用氮气系统以增加舱内压力。货油蒸汽（通过）位于艏楼的除湿系统发生泄露导致爆炸。 

在完成装载货物之前，除湿系统没有被正确关闭，这项工作也没有得到高级船员（有效的）监督。

O4What can we learn

事故启示

◆Consider the need to include forecastle areas containing de-humidifier units within the fixed gas detection system. 

1.考虑是否需要在装有除湿装置的艏楼区域安装固定式气体探测系统。

◆Crew members should report to master or OOW when they notice any smell of gas from the cargo. 

2.船员在发现任何货油气味时，应向船长或值班驾驶员报告。

◆The ship's Planned Maintenance System should be reviewed to ensure it adequately covers the de-humidifier system. 

3.应评估船舶的维护保养系统以确保其覆盖除湿系统。

O5Who may benefit

本文对谁有用

Shipowners, operators and crews.

船东、经营人和船员。