恶劣天气下，锚地选择需慎重

1 . What the type of casualty ？

Very Serious Marine Casualty : Grounding resulting in fatalities .

非常严重的海难事故: 船舶搁浅导致的伤亡事故。

2 . What happened ？

A general cargo ship proceeded to an anchorage to wait for the passing of adverse weather. The following day, the weather conditions worsened and the ship started to drag anchor. Using the main engine, the master weighed anchor, then let go both the port and starboard anchors, but the ship continued to drag anchor towards a breakwater. The ship eventually grounded on the breakwater, damaging its hull. It then flooded, sank by the stern, and ended up on the sea bed with its bow above the water. Eleven of the 19 crew members on board lost their lives .

一艘杂货船为躲避恶劣天气前往锚地抛锚避风。在抛锚后的第二天，天气条件变得更糟，船舶开始走锚。船长命令备车起锚，然后重新抛双锚，但该船舶仍然继续朝防波堤方向走锚。最终，船艉搁浅在防波堤上，随后，船艉受损进水下沉，只有船艏露出水面。船上19名船员中有11人丧生。

3 . Why did it happen ?

● The ship anchored on a lee shore  .

●  There was no protection from the wind and sea in the anchorage area, and the ship's anchored position was upwind of the breakwater . 

●  The master considered that letting go both anchors with 8-9 shackles of anchor cable would be sufficient to maintain the ship's position .  

●  The weather conditions were such that the ship was unable to maintain its position using anchoring equipment . 

●  There was no consideration of preparing to abandon the ship before it was too late to do so, and the crew were left to defend for themselves .

● 1 . 船舶在下风岸抛锚； 

● 2 . 锚地不能对风浪起到防护作用，船舶锚泊位置是防波堤的上风向； 

● 3 . 船长认为在抛双锚且抛出8-9节锚链的情况下足以固定船舶的位置； 

● 4 . 天气条件如此恶劣以至于船舶无法通过锚泊设备来保持她的位置； 

● 5 . 考虑弃船时已经为时已晚，船员们只能寻求自救。

4 . What can we learn ?

◆ The dangers associated with anchoring on a lee shore where high winds are  forecasted and the need to be familiar with the ship's anchoring capabilities and  limitations .

◆ Be prepared for the possibility that weather conditions may be worse than  forecasted . 

◆ Vessel operators need to plan in advance the taking of other measures, including:  engaging the main engine, manoeuvring to reduce the load on the anchoring  equipment, weighing anchor and proceeding to sea . 

◆ Ensure that preparations for an abandonment have been taken as early as  possible to allow for an orderly evacuation from the ship .

◆ 1 . 为躲避即将到来的恶劣天气，船舶在下风岸抛锚，应充分考虑船舶的锚泊能力和局限性； 

◆ 2 . 船舶应做好准备应对比预测的更加恶劣的天气状况；

◆ 3 . 船舶操作人员需要提前做好采取相关措施的计划，包括：备车，操纵船舶以减少在锚设备上的负荷，或起锚机动抗风； 

◆ 4 . 应尽早确保做好弃船准备工作，以便船员能从船上有序撤离。

5 . Who may benefit ?

Shipowners, operators and crews.

船东、公司经营人和船员。