不要小瞧安全销，依规操作隐患消

危险无处不在，它潜藏在我们身边的每一个角落。但可能在危险真正到来前，我们都没有任何察觉，事故就这样无情地夺走了无数人的健康、生命以及大量的财富。  

危险真的不可避免吗？答案是否定的，大部分危险是可以避免的，识别危险是避免危险的关键要素。

怎样识别危险呢？这就是我们要做的，我们将以“IMO事故警示小课堂”的形式发布“IMO事故警示”系列推文，通过一个个鲜活的事故案例，帮助大家识别船舶危险，从而达到“航行更安全、海洋更清洁”的目的。

言归正传，下面让我们一起进入“IMO事故警示小课堂”的第一课！

第 一 课

人员落水致人死亡事故

1 . What the type of casualty?

事故类型

Very Serious Marine Casualty : Man overboard resulting in a fatality

非常严重的海难事故：人员落水导致死亡

2 . What happened?‍‍

事故经过

A large containership was at sea, rolling gently to about five degrees. The bosun decided (without being instructed, or requesting permission) to use the ship's gantry crane to shift some steel pipes from the deck to the engine-room. He climbed into the crane [trolley or basket] to remove the safety pins that stopped the trolley from moving while the ship was at sea. As soon as the bosun removed the pins, the trolley began to move in an uncontrolled manner towards the ship's side with the bosun in it. The trolley hit the end stops on the gantry, but they failed to stop the trolley, which, along with the bosun, fell into the sea. Man overboard procedures were initiated and search and rescue operations were launched, but the bosun was not recovered and was presumed dead.

一艘大型集装箱船正在海上航行，轻微横摇大约五度。水手长决定（在未经指示或得到许可的情况下）使用船上的龙门吊将一些钢管从甲板上吊到机舱。他爬上龙门吊的检修平台（类似吊篮或者推车，参见上图），准备拆下船舶在海上航行时防止检修平台自由移动的安全销。当他拆下安全销时，检修平台连带着水手长开始以一种不受控制的方式向船边移动。检修平台撞上了龙门架的终点止动装置，但是止动装置没能阻止检修平台的移动，带着水手长一起掉进了海里。船舶随后启动人员落水救援程序，并开展搜索和救援行动，但水手长并没有被找到，且被判定死亡。

3 . Why did it happen?‍‍

事故原因

✦ The bosun used the crane without permission of an officer and against the advice of the Able-Seaman who was assisting him. 

✦ The crane was being used at five degrees, its design angle of heel limit. 

✦ The safety mechanisms, which should have prevented the crane trolley from leaving the gantry, catastrophically failed.

1 . 水手长在未经高级船员许可，没有接受协助水手长工作的一级水手建议的情况下，使用了龙门吊；   

2 . 龙门吊底部设计极限角度为5度； 

3 . 防止龙门吊检修平台脱离龙门架的安全机制失效。

4 . What can we learn?‍‍

我们能学到什么？

✦ Lifting appliances should not be used without the appropriate permissions required in the ship's safety management system. 

✦ All lifting operations should be subject to planning, risk assessment and supervision. 

✦ Lifting operations when a ship is moving in a seaway should be approached and planned/risk assessed with extreme caution.

1 . 根据船舶安全管理体系，在没有得到许可的情况下，不得使用船舶的起重设备；     

2 . 所有的起重操作都应有作业计划、风险评估并接受监督； 

3 . 当船舶在海上航行时，船员在进行起重操作计划/风险评估时应极为谨慎。

5 . Who may benefit?‍‍

此文对谁有用？

Shipowners, operators and crews.

船东、公司经营人和船员。

（TIPS：如有异议，请以英文版本为准，欢迎私信哦。）