引航员or船长？不，安全=引航员+船长！

2022-03-10 11:53来源： 刘陟天津散固

01 What the type of casualty

事故类型

Serious Marine Casualty: Containership touched bottom and sustained damage

非常严重的海事事故：集装箱船搁浅事故

02 What happened

事故经过

A large container vessel was sailing from port under pilotage during the hours of darkness.

While transiting from the inner harbour to the main entrance channel, the vessel failed to execute a turn successfully and was set to starboard towards the side of the channel. The ship made contact with rocks on the edge of the channel in way of the vessel's bunker and ballast tanks below the water line.

The vessel was holed in both the ballast tank and the bunker tank, resulting in flooding to the ballast tank and pollution from the bunker tank.

夜间，一艘大型集装箱船在引航员引领下从港口起航。

在从内港驶入主航道时，该船未能成功完成转向，却向右驶向了航道的一侧。该船水线以下的燃油舱和压载舱处与航道边缘的岩石发生了触碰。

该船的压载舱和燃油舱被撞出了破洞，导致压载舱进水，燃油舱的燃油泄漏造成海洋污染。

03 Why did it happen

事故原因

原因一

A lack of a detailed passage plan.

缺少详细的航行计划。

原因二

A failure to use the turning basin to enable the vessel to line up for the main channel.

未能充分利用旋回水域调头，以使船舶进入主航道。

原因三

A lack of appreciation of the handling characteristics of the vessel, such as effectiveness of the bow thruster, and shallow water effects.

对船舶的操纵特性缺乏了解，如艏侧推的效能，以及浅水效应等。

原因四

Over-reliance on the pilot.

过度依赖引航员。

04 What can we learn

事故启示

启示一

The importance of having a full understanding of the ship's handling characteristics and its limitations.

充分了解船舶的操纵特性及其局限性是很重要的。

启示二

The pilot and bridge team should have the same understanding as to how the voyage will progress.

引航员和驾驶台值班人员应对引航计划达成共识。

启示三

When operating in restricted waters and the margin of error is small, the passage plan should be sufficiently detailed to allow for the precise monitoring of the intended manoeuvres and the ship's progress.

当在受限水域作业时，航行计划应足够详细以便对预期的操纵和船舶航行进行精确监控。

启示四

The importance of taking into consideration the hydrodynamic effects of narrow waterways and the depths of water on the handling characteristics of ships.

要充分考虑到狭水道和水深对船舶操纵特性的影响。