角磨机惹得祸，热工作业何时能不热？

2022-02-24 13:56来源： 天津散固作者刘陟

01What the type of casualty

事故类型

Very serious casualty : Engine-room fire resulting in one fatality

非常严重的水上交通事故：机舱起火导致一人死亡

02What happened

事故经过

A suction dredger was dredging for a cargo of sand approximately 12 miles off the coast when a fire occurred in the engine-room. The watchkeeping engineer, who was the sole occupant in the engine-room, was using an angle grinder to attempt to repair a leak in a low-pressure fuel return line on the main engine fuel system while the engine was running. The fire started when high-energy sparks from the angle grinder ignited the atomised fuel from the leak and the diesel-soaked overalls he was wearing.

一艘挖泥船在离海岸约12英里的海域挖沙时，机舱突然发生了火灾。事发当时，机舱里只有1个值班轮机员。他在主机运转的情况下，试图使用角磨机维修主机燃油系统低压回油管路的漏点，角磨机发出的高温火花点燃了泄漏的雾化油气和他浸有柴油的工作服，导致火灾事故的发生。

The engineer managed to escape the engine-room and was evacuated by helicopter to a hospital, where he later died because of serious burn injuries.

轮机员设法逃出机舱后，被直升机送至医院。但由于烧伤严重，最终不治身亡。

The intensity of heat and smoke prevented the crew from making a direct attack on the fire, so they activated the fixed CO2 fire-fighting system in the engine-room and provided boundary cooling, which was successful in extinguishing the fire.

高温和浓烟致使船员无法直接灭火，因此，他们启动了机舱固定式二氧化碳灭火系统，并采取对机舱周边冷却的方式，最终成功灭火。

03Why did it happen

事故原因

01 The brackets securing the low-pressure fuel lines had loosened in service due to corrosion and vibration, allowing fretting to occur and a hole to develop in a fuel line.

由于腐蚀和振动，固定低压燃油管的支架在使用中发生松动并不断与管路发生摩擦，导致燃油管路出现孔洞。

02 The flag regulator had not promulgated the IMO circular, which recommends six-monthly inspections of low-pressure fuel lines. The operator's planned maintenance system did not require inspection of low-pressure fuel lines, nor had the generally poor condition of the low-pressure fuel system been detected through the Classification Society surveys.

IMO通函建议每六个月检查一次低压燃油管路，但该轮的船旗国主管机关没有公布该通函。操作人员的维护计划中没有要求检查低压燃油管路，船级社检验时也没有发现低压燃油系统总体状况较差。

03 The use of an angle grinder was not included in the operator's list of hot-work activity, and consequently a work permit was not routinely issued for any time a portable grinder was used.

因角磨机的使用未被纳入热工作业的范围列表，所以，在任何时候使用便携式角磨机，都无需签发作业许可证。

04 The presence of atomised fuel coupled with the wicking effect of the engineer's diesel-saturated coveralls resulted in an extremely flammable garment susceptible to ignition by sparks from the angle grinder.

由于油雾的存在，加之轮机员布满柴油的工作服的芯吸效应，导致了该极易燃布料被角磨机的火花点燃。

05 Although the severity of the engineer's injuries was such that any action taken by the crew was unlikely to have saved his life, the crew's actions were not consistent with best medical advice.

虽然轮机员伤势非常严重，船员采取任何行动都不可能挽救他的生命，但是此次救助行动并不符合最佳的医疗建议。

04What can we learn

事故启示

01 It is important that surveyors, ship operators and ships' crew routinely inspect low-pressure fuel systems in accordance with IMO guidance to ensure that the systems remain fit for purpose at all times.

验船师、船舶经营人和船员应根据IMO指南定期检查低压燃油系统，以确保该系统始终保持正常运转。

02 The high-energy sparks generated by abrasive wheels during grinding and cutting operations (including portable angle grinders) contain sufficient energy to ignite flammable substances, and this should therefore be recognized and treated as hot work activities.

砂轮在磨削和切割作业（包括便携式角磨机）产生的高能火花含有足够的能量来点燃易燃物质，因此应将其视为热工作业。

03 Working alone in hazardous workspaces should ideally be avoided, but at least be managed by an effective communication system that ensures the safety of the worker.

应尽量避免单独在危险空间工作，如确需工作，则至少应配备有效的通信系统，以确保人员安全。

04 Coveralls worn in engine-rooms or any area where there is a risk of fire should be made from fabric of low flammability, but regardless of the fabric used, this does not provide assurance against ignition and flame-spread, particularly when contaminated by flammable substances.

在机舱或任何其他存在火灾风险的区域穿着的工作服应由低可燃性织物制成，但无论使用何种材质，都不能保证完全防火和防止火灾蔓延，尤其是当其被易燃物质污染时。

05 It is important that injured persons be treated by persons trained to the appropriate medical standards and that the best medical advice is followed.

必须由受过标准医疗培训的人员治疗伤者，并遵循最佳医疗建议。

06 At the same time as managing the risk of hypothermia, it is important that cooling of extensive burns be undertaken without delay, particularly within the first 30 minutes. Any response to a fire or other emergency must be fully coordinated in accordance with good industry practice and shipboard procedures.

在防止失温风险的同时，须及时对伤者大面积烧伤部位进行冷敷，尤其是在事发后的前30分钟内。对火灾或其它紧急情况的反应均须完全遵从良好的行业惯例和船上相关程序。

07 Once a fixed CO2 fire-extinguishing system has been activated, the room in which the plant is located should not be entered without first checking that the atmosphere inside the room is safe.

一旦启动了固定式二氧化碳灭火系统，在进入释放有二氧化碳气体的空间之前，必须事先做好舱室的通风，利用检测仪检查该空间内的有毒气体和含氧量，确保人员安全进入。