系好安全绳，不要将高空作业变成高危作业

01 What the type of casualty

事故类型

Very serious marine casualty: Fatal fall from height

非常严重的海上伤亡事故：高空坠落致死事故

02 What happened

事故经过

The bosun of a 36,000 GT bulk carrier was fatally injured when he fell about 6 metres from a cargo crane grab while preparing to descend from the grab where he had been working. The ship was carrying a cargo of coal and was at sea. A number of its crew had been tasked to replace the wire rope of a cargo crane grab stowed on its stowage platform on the main deck. The weather was fair and working at height precautions, including completing a ship's "permit to work aloft", had been taken.

The work started in the morning and was completed in the evening. Two seafarers first descended from the grab. The bosun then prepared to descend. Shortly after unclipping his safety harness lanyard, he lost his footing and fell about 5 metres onto the platform railing and a further 1 metre onto the deck below. He suffered a head injury. The bosun was given first aid, moved to the ship's hospital and the ship's master sought radio medical advice. However, he died about an hour after the accident.

一名散货船（36,000总吨）上的水手长正准备从作业的抓斗上下来时从大约6米高的克令吊抓斗上摔了下来，受到了致命伤害。这是一艘运载着煤炭在海上航行的散货船。该轮的一些船员正在更换主甲板装载平台上克令吊的钢丝绳。当时天气晴朗，船员在作业之前采取了高空作业的预防措施，包括填写船舶的"高空作业许可证"。

这项工作需要从早上干到晚上方能完成。两名船员首先从抓斗上下来，水手长随后准备跟着下来，在他解开安全绳索后不久，失足跌落到距抓斗约5米高的平台栏杆（距甲板1米高）上，随后跌落到甲板上，造成其头部受伤。船员对该水手长采取了急救措施，并被转移到船上的医务室，船长也通过无线电寻求医疗建议。然而，他在事故发生约一小时后死亡。

03 Why did it happen

事故分析

◆ The bosun lost his footing just after unclipping his safety harness to descend from the grab. The ship's procedures did not refer to hazards related to access/egress from a worksite at height, and it could not be determined if the risk of going up and down from the grab had been assessed.

（1）为了从抓斗上下来，水手长在解开安全绳索后失去了平衡。船上的作业程序没有提及进入或离开高空作业场所所带来的危险，而且无法确定是否对在抓斗上移动带来的风险进行了评估。

◆ The shape, size and position of the grab meant poor hand and foot holds, and it was concluded that the bosun probably perceived the risk involved as acceptable and within his control. The fall prevention equipment on board was not ideal for vertical movements, whereas the use of equipment such as a double-legged energy absorbing lanyard would have been more appropriate. The equipment was of a type that necessitated unclipping the safety harness lanyard to ascend or descend the work site.

（2）抓斗的形状、大小和位置意味着船员很难抓牢和站稳，而且据推断，水手长可能认为所涉及的风险是可以接受的，而且在他的控制范围之内。船上的防坠落设备对于垂直作业来说并不理想，而使用双腿吸能绳等设备会更合适。该设备属于需要解开安全带系索才能在作业场所升降的类型。

04 What can we learn

事故启示

◆Suitable fall prevention equipment, such as a double-legged energy absorbing lanyard, should be provided on board ships to adequately address the risk of falling from height.

（1）船上应提供合适的防坠落设施，例如双腿吸能绳，以尽可能减少从高处坠落的风险。

◆ Shipboard procedures and permits to work at height should address the risk of falling at all stages of the work, including the risk when ascending/descending the worksite.

（2）船上高空作业程序和许可证应包含作业各个阶段的坠落风险，包括登上或离开作业场所时的风险。

◆ An objective and robust risk assessment process can ensure individual risk perception of working at height is not a factor.

（3）一个客观和健全的风险评估过程可以确保个人对高空作业的风险感知更加全面。

◆Seafarers should recognize the dangers of unclipping prematurely and not disconnect their safety devices until such time as they are in a safe position to do so.

（4）海员应认识到过早解开安全带的危险，在处于安全位置之前，不要解开安全装置。

05 Who may benefit

此文对谁有用

Seafarers, shipowners and operators.

海员，船东和船舶经营人。