双语汇：The preexistence and present of TMSA

Introduction

简介

The introduction of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code in July 1998 required companies to develop and implement a safety management system (SMS) for vessels within their fleet. This was intended to standardise and document management processes that would assist with the reduction in the number of accidents on board and help to protect the marine environment.

●1998年7月推出的《国际安全管理规则(ISM Code)》要求各公司在船队内为船舶建立并推行安全管理体系(SMS)。旨在标准化和文件化管理流程，来促进减少船上的意外事故发生，并有助于保护海洋环境。

However, within the tanker sector, inconsistencies in the application of the Code from one company to another soon became apparent to vessel inspectors and oil company ship vetting departments. To help address this imbalance the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) introduced Tanker Management Self-Assessment (TMSA).

●然而，在油轮板块中，对船舶检查人员和石油公司的船舶检查部门来说，不同公司对ISM规则应用存在的不一致情况很快突显出来。为了解决这种不平衡，石油公司国际海事论坛(OCIMF)引入了油轮管理自评估（TMSA）模式。

The first edition of TMSA was originally intended for tankers of more than 500 GT, since those ships were subject to the requirements of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, and therefore the ISM Code. Four years of experience and comprehensive feedback from the oil industry brought about the publication of TMSA 2 in 2008. TMSA 2 was updated to widen its application to all tank vessels, irrespective of size.  The third edition of TMSA (TMSA 3) was introduced in April 2017. TMSA 3 revised and updated all of the twelve existing elements and introduced a thirteenth – ‘Maritime Security’.

●第一版的TMSA最初仅适用500总吨以上的油轮。因为这些船舶符合1974年SOLAS公约的要求，因此也符合ISM规范。积累了四年的使用经验，结合来自石油行业的综合反馈，促成了2008年TMSA 2的发布。TMSA 2更新了适用范围，扩展到不论大小的所有油轮。2017年4月，TMSA (TMSA 3)于推出，TMSA 3修订并更新了所有现有的12个要素，并引入了第13个要素——“海上安全”

Purpose

目的

To be effective, a management system needs to be much more than just procedures. The company leadership/management should define the company’s values and aspirations and detail how the company intends to achieve the objectives of their stated policies. Management should provide adequate resources to ensure that the vessels are properly managed, crewed, operated and maintained. The management system should also include procedures which ensure that incidents and near misses are investigated to determine root causes, so that corrective and preventative actions can be implemented. There should be systems in place to analyse risk to ensure exposure to risk is considered at every level of management.

●为了效果，管理系统需要的不仅仅是程序。公司领导层/管理层应明确公司的价值观和愿景，并详细说明公司将如何实现其既定的目标和政策。管理部门应提供充足的资源，以确保船舶能得到妥善管理、船员配备满足要求、设备运行和保养良好。管理系统还应包括相应的程序，用以确保事件（incidents）和隐患（NEAR MISS）发生后被调查，确定根本原因，并采取预防和纠正行动。

TMSA contains all of these elements and provides a structure to assist owners and operators to assess the effectiveness of their own safety management system with suitable tools; so as to measure and improve aspects identified as being sub-standard or weak.

●TMSA包含所有这些要素，并提供帮助船东和经营人使用合适的工具评估其安全管理体系的有效性，测量并识别未达标或薄弱环节，进行改进的一个构架。

Continuous Improvement

持续改进

TMSA is designed to help companies continually improve their SMS through regular self-assessment. The following paragraphs summarize the continuous–improvement cycle.

●TMSA旨在通过定期的自我评估，帮助公司不断改进安全管理体系。下图为“持续改进”循环。

Plan

计划

Effective strategies require clear purpose, policies, processes, roles and responsibilities. TMSA guidelines give vessel operators an indication of related objectives and targets that will help them develop their goals.

●有效的策略需要明确的目标、策略、流程、角色和职责。TMSA指南为船舶运营人提供了相关目标和指标的指引，帮助他们去制定目标。

Act

行动 

In order for companies to achieve their improvement objectives there must be consistent and effective implementation of plans. Operators should clearly communicate plans to all staff and then prioritise and target processes for improvement.

●为了使公司实现预期的改进目标，必须持续有效地按既定计划执行。管理者应将实施计划明确地传达到所有员工，然后按优先等级确定改进的目标和流程。

 Measure

测量

Chapter twelve of the ISM Code requires that companies evaluate their safety management system and perform internal safety audits to assess performance and compliance with existing procedures. Safety and environmental excellence requires processes to check and measure the organisation’s progress towards sustainable improvement.

●ISM规则第12章要求公司评估其安全管理体系，并进行内部安全审核，通过内审评估公司对现有程序的实施和符合情况。通过对安全和环境的卓越过程要求，来检查和测量组织在可持续改进方面取得的进步。

Improve

改进 

In order to improve, a company must be able to assess its performance and identify relevant goals that will keep the continuous improvement process evolving. The results of this assessment can then provide the foundation for an improvement plan that highlights areas where maximum benefit can be achieved. The plan should be agreed by staff and focus on long term targets and objectives that can best benefit the operator.

●为了提升，公司必须能够评估其绩效并识别相关目标，以保持持续改进过程的不断发展。自评估的结果可为改进能够实现效益最大化领域的计划提供基础。该计划应得到员工的认可，并专注于长期目标和能使经营人收益最大的目标。

This segment of the continuous improvement cycle aligns actions with process targets and ensures that individual improvement plans are regularly reviewed and updated.

●在持续改进循环的部分，应使行动与过程目标保持一致，并确保对各个改进计划定期进行复查和更新。

The TMSA programme complements industry quality codes and is intended to encourage self-regulation and promote continuous improvement.

●TMSA程序是对行业质量规范的补充，旨在鼓励自律和促进公司持续改进。

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