船舶滞留是船东/船舶管理公司最不乐意看到的情况。它不仅意味着船舶延误,增加额外成本,而且还会影响船东和及其管理船队的记录。
为避免滞留情况,船东/船舶管理公司做到合理运营公司,对船员进行培训,对船舶进行良好的维护,为船舶适航做好充足准备是至关重要的。其中,适航准备是避免遭到港口国滞留的关键因素。
对滞留区域和可滞留缺陷进行研究,可以看出当地港口国监督检查员较为关注的检查项。进行深度分析(每条船舶的类型和航龄)可以得出船舶在某地会导致滞留项的其他信息。
某一地区港口国监督文化很重要。比如,如果港口国当局检查出一些缺陷但却没有滞留船舶,这说明该港口国当局注重的是缺陷改正。相反,如果港口国当局因为一两个缺陷就滞留船舶,则说明该港口国当局比较严格。
如表1所示,滞留情况中缺陷代码15150-ISM占了大部分。表一中许多滞留缺陷代码针对不同船型做了标记(百分比),如表2所示。
每类船舶可滞留缺陷代码(前十位)多少有相同的部分。所以,若船舶在准备工作中针对这些缺陷项,那么可以避免滞留情况发生。但是,也不排除港口国监督官员会检查其他安全区域/问题,对可滞留项使用不同的代码。
Key items of detentions to be aware of
需要注意的关键滞留项
#1 Emergency Generator
应急发电机
Code 04114 Emergency generator is ranked as follows:
应急发电机缺陷代码04114的情况如下:
Global All Ships: 2
全球所有船舶:2
Bulk carrier: 6
散货船:2
General cargo: 3
杂货船:3
Tankers: 2
油轮:2
Containers: 2
集装箱船:2
港口国监督官员使用缺陷代码04114标注应急发电机出现的最常见问题有:
Inadequate condition
应急发电机不足
Crew not familiar with equipment
船员对应急发电机不熟悉
Crew could not start the generator with primary / secondary method
船员无法用主要方法和备用方法启动应急发电机
Emergency switch board did not display actual status of electrical installation
应急配电盘不能显示电气装置的实际状况
Lamp test failure on emergency switchboard
应急配电盘指示灯测试不通过
E/G fuel tank level not as required
应急发电机油柜不合要求
After blackout simulation E/G not started
失电模拟中应急发电机未启动
Maintenance records missing
应急发电机维护记录丢失
Emergency generator room was not readily accessible (found locked with padlock during emergency)
应急发电机间出入不便(在紧急情况时,发现机间挂锁)
Not approved electrical modifications found to components in emergency generator switchboard
发现应急发电机配电盘的部件有未经允许的电气改造
Emergency generator took more than 45 seconds to energized emergency switchboard during sequential test.
顺序检测时,应急发电机给应急配电盘供能等待时间超过45秒
Emergency generator control circuit 24V battery defective
应急发电机控制电路24V电池出现故障
Emergency generator quick closing valve inoperative
应急发电机速闭阀故障
Emergency power not connected to some navigational systems (AIS/GPS etc)
应急发电不能满足某些航行系统(船舶自动识别系统AIS/全球定位系统GPS等)
#2 Lifeboats
救生艇
Code 11101 Lifeboats is highly ranked during PSC inspections:
港口国监督检查中,救生艇缺陷代码11101出现较多:
Global All Ships: 3
全球所有船舶:3
Bulk carrier: 5
散货船:5
General cargo: 4
杂货船:4
Tankers: 8
油轮:8
Containers: 4
集装箱船:4
港口国监督官员使用缺陷代码11101标注的救生艇应急发电机发现问题如下:
Inadequate Boat condition
救生艇不足
Not marked as required
未按要求标示
Securing equipment not as required
系固装置不合要求
Launching means not tested
降落装置未经测试
SWL missing from launching arrangements
降落装置的安全工作负荷标记丢失
Engine not started with primary or secondary means (batteries)
没有用主装置和备用装置启动艇机(电池)
Battery charger found disconnected
电池充电装置未连接
Steering means inoperative
转向装置故障
Launching instructions missing
降落指示丢失
Navigational lights inoperative
航行灯故障
Wrong navigational lights sectors
航行灯探照区域异常
Auto stop limit switches inoperative
自动停止限位开关故障
Broken windows
窗户破裂
Coxswain glass damaged (no visibility)
舵机玻璃损坏(视野不良)
Fuel tank found with low level of fuel
油柜油位过低
Lub oil used not specific for -15°C activation
使用的润滑油并非耐 -15°C低温
Pins of both lifeboats’ skates seized seriously
救生艇列板销全部卡住
Crew seat belts were restricted with tape preventing crew from safe use
船员安全带受胶带阻碍,无法使用
Release device and interlock system was not reset correct position
降放设备和连锁系统未复位到正确位置
Securing painter missing
系艇索丢失
#3 Fire Dampers
防火挡板
The deficiency code 07115 – Fire Dampers is ranked as below:
防火挡板缺陷代码07115的情况如下:
Global All Ships: 7
全球所有船舶:7
Bulk carrier: 4
干货船:4
General cargo: >10
杂货船:>10
Tankers: 3
油轮:3
Containers: 5
集装箱船:5
Most common findings (wording) used from PSCO for deficiency code 07115 Fire Dampers are as follows:
港口国监督官员使用缺陷代码07115标注的防火挡板发现问题如下:
Inadequate dampers condition
防火挡板不足
Excessive corrosion and holes on fire dampers
挡板腐蚀过度,出现孔洞
Means for closing the fire dampers inoperative
防火挡板关闭装置故障
Fire dampers not closing tightly
防火挡板闭合不紧
Open and close position not marked
未标示打开和关闭位置
Engine room supply fan damper corroded at edges
机舱送风机挡板边缘腐蚀
Air conditioning vent unable to be closed due to wasted seal bar
密封条磨损导致空调通风口无法闭合
以上分析基于在线平台RISK4SEA.com中的数据。该平台可以为23类船舶分析近五年港口国监督数据,比如关键指标、人口统计资料、滞留分析、报道、参照点和观察分析,以此来提供港口国监督方面的透明信息,帮助合作伙伴:
• PREPARE for forthcoming PSC inspections
为港口国监督检查做准备
• ANALYSE PSC performance to identify strengths & weaknesses
分析港口国监督事项,确定优劣情况
• BENCHMARK fleets against competition and the industry
就竞争和行业情况,利用标准衡量船舶状况