港口国监督聚焦:2020年度常见导致滞留的船舶缺陷 信德海事网 2021-08-06 13:17

船舶滞留是船东/船舶管理公司最不乐意看到的情况。它不仅意味着船舶延误,增加额外成本,而且还会影响船东和及其管理船队的记录。

为避免滞留情况,船东/船舶管理公司做到合理运营公司,对船员进行培训,对船舶进行良好的维护,为船舶适航做好充足准备是至关重要的。其中,适航准备是避免遭到港口国滞留的关键因素。

对滞留区域和可滞留缺陷进行研究,可以看出当地港口国监督检查员较为关注的检查项。进行深度分析(每条船舶的类型和航龄)可以得出船舶在某地会导致滞留项的其他信息。

某一地区港口国监督文化很重要。比如,如果港口国当局检查出一些缺陷但却没有滞留船舶,这说明该港口国当局注重的是缺陷改正。相反,如果港口国当局因为一两个缺陷就滞留船舶,则说明该港口国当局比较严格。

如表1所示,滞留情况中缺陷代码15150-ISM占了大部分。表一中许多滞留缺陷代码针对不同船型做了标记(百分比),如表2所示。

每类船舶可滞留缺陷代码(前十位)多少有相同的部分。所以,若船舶在准备工作中针对这些缺陷项,那么可以避免滞留情况发生。但是,也不排除港口国监督官员会检查其他安全区域/问题,对可滞留项使用不同的代码。

Key items of detentions to be aware of

需要注意的关键滞留项

#1 Emergency Generator

应急发电机

Code 04114 Emergency generator is ranked as follows:

应急发电机缺陷代码04114的情况如下:

Global All Ships: 2

全球所有船舶:2

Bulk carrier: 6

散货船:2

General cargo: 3

杂货船:3

Tankers: 2

油轮:2

Containers: 2

集装箱船:2

港口国监督官员使用缺陷代码04114标注应急发电机出现的最常见问题有:

Inadequate condition

应急发电机不足

Crew not familiar with equipment

船员对应急发电机不熟悉

Crew could not start the generator with primary / secondary method

船员无法用主要方法和备用方法启动应急发电机

Emergency switch board did not display actual status of electrical installation

应急配电盘不能显示电气装置的实际状况

Lamp test failure on emergency switchboard

应急配电盘指示灯测试不通过

E/G fuel tank level not as required

应急发电机油柜不合要求

After blackout simulation E/G not started

失电模拟中应急发电机未启动

Maintenance records missing

应急发电机维护记录丢失

Emergency generator room was not readily accessible (found locked with padlock during emergency)

应急发电机间出入不便(在紧急情况时,发现机间挂锁)

Not approved electrical modifications found to components in emergency generator switchboard

发现应急发电机配电盘的部件有未经允许的电气改造

Emergency generator took more than 45 seconds to energized emergency switchboard during sequential test.

顺序检测时,应急发电机给应急配电盘供能等待时间超过45秒

Emergency generator control circuit 24V battery defective

应急发电机控制电路24V电池出现故障

Emergency generator quick closing valve inoperative

应急发电机速闭阀故障

Emergency power not connected to some navigational systems (AIS/GPS etc)

应急发电不能满足某些航行系统(船舶自动识别系统AIS/全球定位系统GPS等) 

#2 Lifeboats

  救生艇

Code 11101 Lifeboats is highly ranked during PSC inspections:

港口国监督检查中,救生艇缺陷代码11101出现较多:

Global All Ships: 3

全球所有船舶:3

Bulk carrier: 5

散货船:5

General cargo: 4

杂货船:4

Tankers: 8

油轮:8

Containers: 4

集装箱船:4

港口国监督官员使用缺陷代码11101标注的救生艇应急发电机发现问题如下:

Inadequate Boat condition

救生艇不足

Not marked as required

未按要求标示

Securing equipment not as required

系固装置不合要求

Launching means not tested

降落装置未经测试

SWL missing from launching arrangements

降落装置的安全工作负荷标记丢失

Engine not started with primary or secondary means (batteries)

没有用主装置和备用装置启动艇机(电池)

Battery charger found disconnected

电池充电装置未连接

Steering means inoperative

转向装置故障

Launching instructions missing

降落指示丢失

Navigational lights inoperative

航行灯故障

Wrong navigational lights sectors

航行灯探照区域异常

Auto stop limit switches inoperative

自动停止限位开关故障

Broken windows

窗户破裂

Coxswain glass damaged (no visibility)

舵机玻璃损坏(视野不良)

Fuel tank found with low level of fuel

油柜油位过低

Lub oil used not specific for -15°C activation

使用的润滑油并非耐 -15°C低温

Pins of both lifeboats’ skates seized seriously

救生艇列板销全部卡住

Crew seat belts were restricted with tape preventing crew from safe use

船员安全带受胶带阻碍,无法使用

Release device and interlock system was not reset correct position

降放设备和连锁系统未复位到正确位置

Securing painter missing

系艇索丢失 

#3 Fire Dampers

  防火挡板

The deficiency code 07115 – Fire Dampers is ranked as below:

防火挡板缺陷代码07115的情况如下:

Global All Ships: 7

全球所有船舶:7

Bulk carrier: 4

干货船:4

General cargo: >10

杂货船:>10

Tankers: 3

油轮:3

Containers: 5

集装箱船:5

Most common findings (wording) used from PSCO for deficiency code 07115 Fire Dampers are as follows:

港口国监督官员使用缺陷代码07115标注的防火挡板发现问题如下:

Inadequate dampers condition

防火挡板不足

Excessive corrosion and holes on fire dampers

挡板腐蚀过度,出现孔洞

Means for closing the fire dampers inoperative

防火挡板关闭装置故障

Fire dampers not closing tightly

防火挡板闭合不紧

Open and close position not marked

未标示打开和关闭位置

Engine room supply fan damper corroded at edges

机舱送风机挡板边缘腐蚀

Air conditioning vent unable to be closed due to wasted seal bar

密封条磨损导致空调通风口无法闭合

以上分析基于在线平台RISK4SEA.com中的数据。该平台可以为23类船舶分析近五年港口国监督数据,比如关键指标、人口统计资料、滞留分析、报道、参照点和观察分析,以此来提供港口国监督方面的透明信息,帮助合作伙伴:

• PREPARE for forthcoming PSC inspections

 为港口国监督检查做准备

• ANALYSE PSC performance to identify strengths & weaknesses

 分析港口国监督事项,确定优劣情况

• BENCHMARK fleets against competition and the industry

 就竞争和行业情况,利用标准衡量船舶状况

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