【船长经验】过巴拿马运河准备工作 

船长 刘竹元

作为一名常年穿梭于全球各大航道的船长，巴拿马运河的通航准备工作始终是 voyage 计划中的重中之重。这条连接太平洋与大西洋的黄金水道有着独特的监管体系和操作规范，稍有疏忽便可能导致延误或处罚。结合《巴拿马合规船长指南》的核心要点，现将通航前的准备工作梳理如下，供各位同仁参考。

巴拿马运河的通航监管有着鲜明的地域特色，尤其是在油污防控、船舶识别等方面设有特殊要求。我们的船舶已在 OOPS（Panama）S.A. 完成登记，这为合规操作提供了基础保障。建议各位船长将本指南与公司管理规定相结合，重点关注红色斜体标注的时效信息，这些内容能帮我们节省大量协调时间。

在运河水域发生紧急情况时，快速响应链条的完整性直接关系到后果控制。根据规定，我们必须第一时间通过在船引水员通知巴拿马运河管理局（ACP）；若引水员不在船，则需立即拨打 +507 272 4201/4202 或通过 VHF12/16 频道联系海事交通控制中心。

污染报告的界定需要特别注意：

不仅要报告已发生的油污或污染物泄漏，即使存在潜在泄漏风险（如设备故障可能导致排放），也必须立即上报。报告后需持续向当局更新事态进展，直至确认风险完全消除。

应急处置的步骤应严格遵循 “安全优先” 原则：先确保船员与船舶安全，完成初步评估后，按顺序通知 ACP、PCSOPEP 授权人（24 小时热线 +507 6673 6081）及船东。向授权人报告时，需准备好 incident 时间、位置、污染物性质、预估泄漏量、已采取措施等 11 项关键信息，这能大幅提升应急处置效率。

巴拿马运河水域按油污应急需求划分为太平洋锚地及航道区、湖区、大西洋锚地及航道区三大区域。其中湖区为淡水环境，与咸水区的应急设备要求存在显著差异，船舶的防污染设备配置需兼顾不同水域特性。

值得注意的是，ACP 是运河水域唯一的油污响应机构（OSRO），任何应急行动都需在其协调下开展。

与 OOPS（Panama）S.A. 的通信保障是关键环节。除 +507 6673 6081 这个 24 小时热线外，需牢记两个备用手机号：+507 6674 6079（Ethzel Davis）和 +507 6674 6678（Valentin Blake），以防主线路繁忙。电子邮件沟通建议使用 oopspanama@oopspanama.com，重要信息需同时留存书面记录。

核心文件清单中，巴拿马运河船舶油污应急计划（PCSOPEP）及其认可通知书（NoA）是重中之重。NoA 有效期为四年，过期前需提前 96 小时重新提交 ACP 审核。船舶识别号（SIN）首次通航时由 ACP 颁发，可在吨位税费文件中查询，务必与国际航行文件一同妥善保管。

Good day Captain,

Yours below is well noted, be advised that an electronic PCSOPEP Notice of Acknowledgement

(NOA) document will be received upon the vessel's arrival in Panama.

Brgrds,

EDUARDO WHITE

Operations Department

asa@shipsagent.com

shipsagent.com [ https://twitter.com/asashipsagent ]

Associated Steamship Agents S.A.

As Agents Only

需要特别注意的是，三类船舶可豁免 PCSOPEP 要求：仅停靠巴拿马港口不进入运河的船舶、政府公务辅助船、军用船舶。但这些船舶仍需遵守其他环保与安全规定。

文件提交存在严格的时间窗口：

首次通航或 PCSOPEP 过期的船舶，必须提前 96 小时将文件发送至 ACP。若未合规，可能面临最高 2500 美元罚款，首次违规在 10 天内缴清可减至 1667 美元，但仍可能错失通航时段。

首次通航的文件包需包含国际吨位证书、载重线证书、船员配备证书等 14 类法定文件，以及总布置图、稳性手册等 11 项技术图纸（需为 PDF 或 AUTOCAD 格式）。这些文件需同时发送至 Arqueadores@pancanal.com 和 ACP-Shipplans@pancanal.com，提交邮件主题需注明船名、IMO 编号及 SIN（如有）。

具体细节参见一下代理邮件要求：

Good day Captain,

We understand that this will be the vessels first transit . Being this the case, will be required to provide advance information for admeasurement purposes as indicated below.

h. Approval of Plans

(1) The plans for new construction or modification for each vessel or class of vessels should be submitted to the Transit Operations Division for review prior to modification or construction. A minimum of two and a maximum of four sets of copies of each drawing should be submitted. The ACP will retain for its records and files a single set of the drawings in electronic format utilizing WORD, EXCEL, PDF, TIFF, JPEG or similar format:and will return only up to three sets of copies of the principal drawings submitted. Failure to comply with this requirement may result in delay or denial of transit because of unsuitable or unsafe arrangements.

(2) The numerous constraints affecting the transit schedules of vessels and tows make it important that information provided in advance of the initial transit include the following documents for approval (a minimum of two copies of each drawing must be submitted):

General Arrangement (indicating deployed boarding facilities, blue steering light and pilot shelters/platforms)

Mooring Arrangement (indicating chock/bitt sizes and safe working load capacities)

Wheelhouse Arrangement (showing required aids to navigation, such as indicators, wipers, horn controls, radar and others)

Visibility Calculations (indicating compliance with ACP visibility requirements of Paragraph 4.e of this Notice)

Section Views showing the vessel inside the lock chamber pressed against both center and side walls, indicating clearances of protrusions from lock structures and equipment (for vessels with protrusions - the locks chamber drawings are in Annexes 1, 2 and 3).

For reference (one copy of each drawing retained for our records):

Midship Section (or Shell Expansion and bilge radius information, if the Midship Section is not available)

Engine room plans

International Tonnage Certificate

International Load Line Certificate

Detailed drawings of chocks and bitts showing sizes and maximum strain capacities, if not indicated in the mooring arrangement.

This advance information will minimize the possibility that transit might be denied due to noncompliance with Canal regulations. For detailed information, contact the Transit Operations Division Canal Port Captain South Section Manager (NTOS).

(3) Vessels that have had the appropriate plans approved will normally retain such approval unless it is determined by the Transit Operations Division Manager that modifications are necessary to ensure safe transit .

( 4) The Transit Operations Division accepts electronic drawing submittals via e-mail to Arqueadores@ [ http://pancanal.com/ | pancanal.com ] or by courier/regular mail in flash memory USB.

(5) The drawings are to be saved preferably in PDF or TIFF file format, or in a file format compatible with AUTOCAD. All drawing and letter files may be compressed together into one zip/7z/rar file. Files exceeding 10MB must not be included within compressed files, instead they must be sent in their original format.

(6) Upon review, the submittals will be stamped electronically and returned via e-mail. In this manner, the recipient has control of printing any number of copies of the stamped drawings needed to meet distribution requirements.

i. Required Documentation for Initial Transit in Electronic Format

All vessels transiting the Panama Canal for the first time must provide the following documents in electronic format utilizing WORD, EXCEL, PDF, TIFF, JPEG or similar format:

International Tonnage Certificate (ITC-69)

PC/UMS Documentation of Total Volume or suitable substitute

Volume calculations (If available)

Suez Canal Certificate (If available)

Load Line Certificate (If multiple Load Lines exist, provide the one with least freeboard)

Pilot Card (Vessels speed and general information)

Ship Particulars

Certificate of Registry

Ship Classification Certificate

Minimum Crew Safe Manning Certificate

International Sewage Pollution Prevention Certificate

Passenger Ship Safety Certificate - Form P (for passenger vessels)

Certificate of Fitness (for Chemical Tanker and Gas Carriers)

Certificate of International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (with the supplement)

The following drawings (plans) shall be provided in PDF or AUTOCAD format only, in one plan (not sections), in order to allow for precise calculations:

General Arrangement Plan

Capacity Plan with deadweight scale

Midship Section Plan

Lines Plan (if available)

Shell Expansion Plan

Docking Plan

Visibility Plan

Trim and stability booklet or hydrostatic information (summer loaded figures at zero trim for extreme draft, displacement, deadweight and tons of immersion)

Lightship Test Report or Result Deadweight Measurement Report (for Dry bulkers)

Container Loading or Stowage Plan when fully loaded (full container vessels only)

Cargo Securing Manual (full container vessels only - All pages regarding container information above and below deck and all combinations available)

Cargo Tank Calibration or Cargo Tank Gauging Table (only the cover page and the pages containing the Cargo Tank Capacity Summary) - only for Gas Carriers

The documents must be legible, of good quality, and shall include all pages. Please specify in the subject of the message, the vessel's current name, IMO number, and, if available, the vessel�s SIN (Panama Canal Ship Identification Number).

The above-mentioned documentation must be submitted to Arqueadores@ [ http://pancanal.com/ | pancanal.com ] and PlanApproval@pancanal.com at least 96 hours prior to arrival at Panama Canal waters.

Receiving this information in advance will expedite the vessel's scheduling process, the calculations required for the proper assessment of tolls, and facilitate the inspection process on arrival.

In addition, please note that the vessel will be required to present a PCSOPEP plan as prescribed by the attached N-12-2022.

Please ask owners to keep us in copy of all plan submissions to the Authority in order to follow up locally. Here below link for

this file:

https://pancanal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/N12-2022.pdf

https://pancanal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/N12-2022.pdf

In Panama Canal N-1-2022 can be found in the following link, this will provide you all the vessel requirements for transit :

[ https://pancanal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/N01-2022.pdf |

https://pancanal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/N01-2022.pdf ]

Regards,

船上递交完，全部图纸以及证书

Good day, dear EDUARDO WHITE,

Due email size limit,breakdown 2 email for yr ref, Pls confirmed safety receipt and noted all concern party wz many thanks.

General Arrangement (indicating deployed boarding facilities, blue steering light and pilot shelters/platforms)

Mooring Arrangement (indicating chock/bitt sizes and safe working load capacities)

Wheelhouse Arrangement (showing required aids to navigation, such as indicators, wipers, horn controls, radar and others)

Visibility Calculations (indicating compliance with ACP visibility requirements of Paragraph 4.e of this Notice)

Section Views showing the vessel inside the lock chamber pressed against both center and side walls, indicating clearances of protrusions from lock structures and equipment (for vessels with protrusions - the locks chamber drawings are in Annexes 1, 2 and 3).

For reference (one copy of each drawing retained for our records):

Midship Section (or Shell Expansion and bilge radius information, if the Midship Section is not available)

Engine room plans

International Tonnage Certificate

International Load Line Certificate

Detailed drawings of chocks and bitts showing sizes and maximum strain capacities, if not indicated in the mooring arrangement. thanks in advance for your kind co-operation & great kind supports for us always!

============================

Capt. Liu ,Zhuyuan

Good day Liu,

Thank you for your cooperation on this matter.

We have received the documents as requested. No other documents will be required for the process of tolls

I have attached for your reference, the visibility calculation sheet in excel format.

If you have any doubts or questions, please feel free to contact us at any time.

Best regards,

H?ctor Roberts

Arqueador

Vicepresidencia de Operaciones

hroberts@pancanal.com

授权人通知演练是验证通信链路的关键环节，要求每 12 个月开展 2 次，且末次演练需在通航前 6 个月内完成。演练时拨打 +507 6673 6081 并说明 “进行授权人通知演练”，完成后需填写专用表格并发送至 oopspanama@oopspanama.com，同时记入航海日志，相关记录需保存至少 3 年。

Good day Captain,

Blw msg well noted. Thank you.

Brdgs,

Ethzel Davis

Authorized Person

通航申报（Notice of Arrival）需提前 96 小时提交 ACP，内容包括通航意图、ISPS 安全等级、近 10 个港口的安全措施执行情况等 6 项核心信息。航行时间不足 96 小时的船舶，离港时需立即提交。游艇及小型船舶则需在距运河两端海 buoy 12 海里时，通过 Flamenco 或 Cristobal 信号站申报船名、尺寸、人员等 7 项信息。

通航前必须完成导航与安全设备的全面测试，发现缺陷需立即通知 Cristobal 或 Flamenco 信号站。ACP 港口主管将评估是否允许通航，未按要求测试可能导致延误。设备测试标准可参考 ACP 发布的《N10-2024 操作设备测试规程》。

燃料切换是环保合规的关键。南行船舶需在距大西洋防波堤至少 8 海里处、北行船舶需在距太平洋入口 buoy 至少 3 海里处，完成从重质燃油到轻质馏分油的切换，涵盖主辅机、锅炉等所有设备。锚泊期间可使用硫含量≤0.5% 的 residual 燃油，但需在通航前 2 小时切换回馏分油。违规船舶可能被要求返航换油，同时失去通航排序资格。

运河水域内严禁排放压载水，从 Miraflores 和 Cocoli 船闸南端至 Gatun 和 Agua Clara 船闸北端的区域为绝对禁排区。通航前 2 小时需关闭并加锁压载水排放阀，直至完全驶出运河。

同一区域内（太平洋侧含 Vacamonte 港、Melones 岛等；大西洋侧含外锚地及船闸区域）的压载水吞吐可视为低风险，但跨侧移动时需按 BWMP 要求处理。严禁排放舱底沉积物，特殊情况需获得港口主管批准方可排至接收设施。压载水记录簿（BWRB）需随时备查。

运河水域为污水零排放区，无论是否经过处理，均需收集至舱柜储存。进入太平洋或大西洋锚地时，需关闭并加锁排污阀，直至驶离运河水域（以 DMA 21603 和 26068 海图界定的锚地范围为准）。

2023 年 5 月起，船长超过 38.1 米的船舶需提交三项绿色认证信息：国际能效证书（IEEC）及补充件（含 EEDI 达标值与要求值）、侧推器功率 / 排水量比值（需轮机长证明）、燃油舱单（通过 VUMPA 系统提交），这些将由 ACP 登船官员核查。

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