RIGHTSHIP 要求的培训及证书
船长 刘竹元
首先，一个良好船管船东应该具有的无责备的企业文化尤为重要，见过太多船员背锅案例，也难怪，这是航运的优良传统，海牙规则还有船员的疏忽条款，甚至很多保险对于船员穷尽专业知识能力以外的过失，是在承包范围内的。
其次，船员的培训几乎关乎职业生涯的每一个阶段，既有公约要求的基本的培训演习，又有特殊地域规则要求的额外培训，针对RS3.1版本要求的本寻内容，以及要求大致有以下岸基培训， 以下是，最近几年断断续续的培训内容以及RS的要求，供提前迎检准备。
2.6 Has the Master been provided with relevant ship handling training? (V)
是否向船长提供了相关的船舶操作培训？
Guide to Inspection检查指南
A master with less than 5 years sea time in rank must have attended a ship handling course.
一个在船上工作少于5 年的船长必须参加过船舶操作课程。
It is important that masters and chief mates should have had relevant experience and training before assuming the duties of master or chief mate of large ships or ships having unusual manoeuvring and handling characteristics significantly different from those in which they have recently served. Such characteristics will generally be found in ships which are of considerable deadweight or length or of special design or of high speed.
重要的是，船长和大副在大型船舶或在与他们最近所服役的船舶具备不同操纵特性的船舶任职之前，应已具备相关的经验和培训。这些特性通常是指超大载重吨位、超长船舶、特殊设计船舶或高速船舶。
The master should have attended an approved ship-handling simulator course on an installation capable of simulating the manoeuvring characteristics of such a ship as per IMO Model course 1.22.船长应按照国际海事组织模型课程1.22，在能够模拟此类船舶操纵特性的装置上参加经批准的船舶操纵模拟器课程。
2.7 Have officers and ratings responsible for cargo handling on ships carrying dangerous and hazardous substances in solid form in bulk, undergone formal training? (V)
负责在散装载运危险及有害固体物质的船上装卸货物的高级船员和其他船员是否接受过正式培训?
Guide to Inspection检查指南
Guidance regarding training of officers and ratings responsible for cargo handling on ships carrying dangerous and hazardous substances in solid form in bulk.
负责在运载散装固体危险物质和有害物质的船舶上装卸货物的高级船员和其他船员的培训指南。
Training should be divided into two parts, a general section on the principles involved and a section on the application of such principles to ship operation. All training and instruction should be given by properly qualified and suitably experienced personnel and cover at least the subjects given in paragraphs 2 to 14 of section B/V b of STCW.
培训应分为两个部分，一个是关于所涉原则的一般部分，另一个是关于将此种原则应用于船舶操作的部分。所有培训和指导应由有适当资格和适当经验的人员提供，并至少涵盖海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约中第B/V b 节第2 至14 段中规定的科目。
Shipboard application:船上申请：
Class 4.1 - Flammable solids 4.1类-易燃固体
Class 4.2 - Substances liable to spontaneous combustion 4.2类-易自燃物质
Class 4.3 - Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases 4.3类-与水接触时放出易燃气体的物质
Class 5.1 - Oxidizing substances 5.1类-氧化物质
Class 6.1 - Toxic substances 6.1类-有毒物质
Class 7 – Radioactive 7类-放射性物品
Class 8 – Corrosives 8类-易腐蚀品
Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles 9类-其它危险物质及物品
Rightship recommends that all officers and ratings responsible for the carriage and care of dangerous and hazardous substances in solid form in bulk, including Material Hazardous Only in Bulk (MHB), have received appropriate training to comply with the STCW Convention and Code’s 2010 Manila Amendments. The “trickle-down training” approach, a non-formal method of educating officers where one officer trains another, is not deemed acceptable.
Rightship建议，所有负责散装固体形式危险和危险物质运输和保养的高级船员和其他船员，包括散装危险物质(MHB)，都应接受适当的培训，以遵守STCW公约和规则2010年马尼拉修正案。“由上至下滴流”的培训方式，即一种非正式的一位高级船员对另一位高级船员言传身教的培训方式，是被认为不可接受的。 
2.14 If ECDIS was fitted on board, have the Master and Deck Officers completed Generic training and type-specific familiarisation? (V)
如船上装有电子海图显示与信息系统，船长及甲板船员是否已完成了通用培训及熟悉特定的类型？
Guide to Inspection检查指南
Inspector to record how the familiarisation training was carried out.检查员记录熟悉培训是如何进行的。
ECDIS familiarisation should be provided to all on-signing deck officers before they take an independent navigation watch, and each time they join any vessel. (Recommendations on Usage of ECDIS and Preventing Incident, 2020)
所有签约甲板高级船员在进行独立航行值班前，以及每次加入任何船只时，均须熟悉电子海图显示与信息系统。（关于使用电子海图显示与信息系统和预防事故的建议，2020）
The STCW Code contains requirements for approved training on ECDIS. In cases where the approved training has not been completed, a limitation shall be included on the certificate and endorsements issued to the seafarer.
《海员培训、发证和值班规则》包含有关电子海图显示与信息系统批准培训的要求。如果未完成经批准的培训，则应在发给海员的证书和签注中注明限制。
Where such a limitation is not specified, the certificate and endorsements are evidence of having successfully completed the required approved training and that the standard of competence has been achieved.如未规定此种限制，证书和批注即证明已成功完成规定的经批准的培训，并已达到能力标准。
No requirement exists for the approved training on ECDIS equipment to be type specific. The knowledge, understanding and proficiency required to be demonstrated is generalized to ensure seafarers have the necessary skills for basic operation of all types of equipment.
对于经批准的电子海图显示与信息系统设备培训没有特定类型的要求。概括了所需展示的知识、理解和熟练程度，以确保海员具备对所有类型设备进行基本操作的必要技能。
In accordance with regulation, I/14, companies are responsible for ensuring that seafarers employed on their ships are familiarized with the installed equipment, including ECDIS.根据第I/14 号条例，公司有责任确保受雇在其船上的海员熟悉已安装的设备，包括电子海图显示与信息系统。
It is agreed that seafarers required to have training in the use of ECDIS:经商定，需要接受使用电子海图显示与信息系统培训的海员：
1. Should not be required to provide documentation of training in ECDIS that is specific to the installed equipment; and不应要求提供专门针对已安装设备的电子海图显示与信息系统培训文件；而且
2. Are required to be familiarised with the ECDIS equipment installed on board.必须熟悉船上安装的电子海图显示与信息系统。
(STCW.7/Circ.24/Rev.1, 2017)
Deck officers who hold a Certificate of Competency with validity over 01 January 2017, in accordance to regulations II/1 and II/2 of the annex to the STCW-Convention and without an ECDIS limitation, fulfil the requirement of generic ECDIS-training.
根据《海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》附件的第II/1 条和第II/2 条的规定，持有有效期超过2017 年1 月1 日的合格证书，且不受电子海图显示与信息系统限制的甲板高级船员，符合通用电子海图信息系统培训的要求。
The vessel’s manager can consider a wide variety of options for achieving familiarisation both on-board and ashore. These include but are not limited to:该船的管理人员可以考虑多种选择，以熟悉船上和岸上。这些包括但不限于：
> Shore based manufacturer training followed by installation-specific training familiarisation on-board. 岸基制造商培训，然后是船上特定的安装培训和熟悉课程。
> Independent training on specific systems followed by installation specific familiarisation.对特定系统进行独立培训，熟悉安装。
> Computer Based Training (CBT), followed by installation-specific familiarisation on-board.计算机培训(CBT)，熟悉安装。
> Internet/ Intranet Based Training (eLearning) followed by installation specific Familiarisation on-board.互联网/内部网培训(电子学习)，熟悉安装。
> On-board training by appropriately trained crew or training personnel.由经过适当培训的船员或培训人员进行的船上培训。
> Manufacturer provided training mode on the ECDIS, followed by installation-specific familiarisation on-board. 制造商提供了有关电子海图显示与信息系统的培训模式，然后熟悉安装。
> Company bridge procedures and manuals.公司驾驶台程序和手册。
Regardless of the method(s) used, it is essential that all watch keeping officers are competent in the use of the on-board ECDIS prior to taking charge of a navigational watch and remain so thereafter.
无论采用何种方法，所有值班人员在负责航行值班前必须具备使用船上电子海图显示与信息系统的能力，并在此后继续保持这种能力是至关重要的。
(Industry Recommendations for ECDIS Familiarisation, 2012)
（《熟悉电子海图显示与信息系统的行业建议》，2012）
Trickle-down familiarisation, such as one crew member training another, is not deemed acceptable. This approach is unstructured and often results in an incomplete understanding of the equipment’s capabilities, particularly the functions that are less frequently used.
“由上至下滴流”的熟悉培训，例如由一位船员培训另外一位，是被认为不可接受的。这种方法缺乏条理，往往导致对设备功能的不全面了解，尤其是不常用的功能。
2.15 Does the ship’s manager provide value-added training courses beyond the STCW to its on-board engineers? (V)
船舶管理公司是否向船上的轮机员提供《海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约》以外的增值培训课？
Guide to Inspection检查指南
Record any recent additional training conducted.记录最近进行的任何额外培训。
The vessel's management is responsible for identifying additional training needs, whether they apply to a specific individual or vessel or to the entire fleet. The training technique may involve classroom training or computer-based training. However, a course's content shall address and comply to industry requirements.
船舶管理层负责识别额外的培训需求，无论这些需求适用于特定的个人或船舶，还是适用于整个船队。培训技术可能包括课堂培训或计算机培训。但是，课程的内容必须符合行业要求。
Bridge Resource Management, Engine Room Resource Management, operation and maintenance of engine-specific types, injectors, exhaust valves, electronic governors, dual fuel systems, fuel pump maintenance, boiler automation, plan maintenance system, environmental training, and hydraulic machinery are examples of additional training.
额外培训示例：驾驶台资源管理、机舱资源管理、引擎专用类型、喷油器、排气阀、电子调速器、双燃料系统的操作和维护、燃油泵维护、锅炉自动化、维修计划系统、环境培训和液压机械等。
The Company should establish and maintain procedures for identifying any training which may be required in support of the SMS and ensure that such training is provided for all personnel concerned.(ISM Code 2018)
公司应建立并维护相关程序，以识别支撑SMS所需的任何培训，并确保为所有相关人员提供此类培训。(ISM规范2018）
4.2 Has a safety officer been appointed and trained, and is the safety officer familiar with the principles and practice of risk assessment? (V)是否已任命和培训安全员，安全员是否熟悉相关原则的和风险评估实践？
The safety officer is the safety adviser aboard the ship and shall provide valuable assistance to the company and to individual employers in meeting the statutory responsibilities for health and safety. Some training may be provided on board, but the safety officer should have attended a suitable safety officer’s training course.
安全员是船上的安全顾问，应为公司和个体雇主履行健康和安全的法定责任提供宝贵的协助。船上可能会提供一些培训，但安全员应该参加过合适的安全员培训课程。
The Safety Officer training course shall adhere to the STCW Code 2010 Tables A-II/2 and A-III/2 and the IMO Code Course 3.11.
安全员培训课程应遵守《STCW规则2010》表A-II/2和A-III/2以及IMO规则课程3.11。
4.5 Is the vessel provided with an enclosed space entry procedure, and is there documented evidence that it was followed, and is there evidence that the crew assigned to responsibilities requiring entry into enclosed spaces has attended a dedicated enclosed space entry course?
船舶是否规定了密闭空间的进入程序，是否有文件证据证明遵守了该程序，是否有证据表明被分配到需要进入密闭空间的职责的船员参加了专门的密闭空间进入课程?
Training and awareness培训和意识
All seafarers whose duties may involve entry into enclosed spaces should attend a dedicated course for entry into enclosed spaces.
其职责可能涉及进入密闭空间的所有海员应参加进入密闭空间的专门课程。
See COSwP chapter 15.12 training, instruction, and information.
参见COSwP第15.12章培训、指导和信息。
4.9 Is there a schedule of drills and exercises to address potential emergency shipboard situations and is it being conducted effectively? (V)是否有演习和演习计划来应对船上潜在的紧急情况以及是否能够有效进行？
Emergency procedures should at least include collision, grounding, flooding, heavy weather damage, cargo damage, shift of cargo, loss of cargo, structural failure as per MSC Circ. 1143, fire (on deck and in cargo hold, the engine room and accommodation), damage to fixed and floating objects, explosion, pollution by harmful substances in packaged form, critical machinery failure, rescue from enclosed spaces, serious personal injury, emergency towing equipment, helicopter operations and pollution clean-up and emergency operation of hatch cover.
按照海安会MSC Circ. 1143，应急程序至少应包括碰撞、搁浅、进水、恶劣天气损坏、货物损坏、货物转移、货物丢失、结构失效、以及火灾（甲板和货舱、机舱和起居室）、固定物和漂浮物损坏、爆炸、包装形式的有害物质污染、关键机械故障、从密闭空间救援、严重人身伤害、紧急拖曳设备、直升机作业和污染清理及舱口盖应急作业等。
4.16 Are portable gas detectors suitable for atmosphere testing of enclosed spaces provided; in good condition; calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, and are officers trained and competent with their operation? (V & M)
是否提供适用于密闭处所大气测试的便携式气体探测仪；探测器是否完好；是否根据制造商的说明进行校准，同时，高级船员是否经过培训并能胜任他们的工作？
Guide to Inspection检查指南
The SOLAS XI-1/7 regulation requires portable gas detectors to be dedicated 4-gas (oxygen, flammable gases, or vapours (% of LFL), carbon monoxide; and hydrogen sulphides), capable of 10 hours continuous operation, waterproof and dustproof to Ingress Protection rating IP67, and capable of remote detection (using a pump with a sample hose) suitable to test the atmosphere in an enclosed space before entry. Calibration is also a requirement, as prescribed by the manufacturers’ instructions.
《国际海上人命安全公约》第XI-1/7 条规定，便携式气体探测仪必须是专用的4 种气体（氧气、易燃气体或蒸汽（混合气体百分比）、一氧化碳和硫化氢），能够连续工作10 小时，防水和防尘等级达到IP67，并且能够进行远程探测（使用带有取样软管的泵），适合在进入前测试密闭处所中的大气。根据制造商的说明，校准也是一项要求。
4.32 Are records available to show that emergency escape breathing devices (EEBDs) in the accommodation and engine room are being inspected, in good condition and are available for instant use? (V & M)是否有记录显示生活区和机舱有紧急逃生呼吸装置（EEBDs）接受检查，状况是否良好，是否可以立即使用？
Training in the use of the EEBD should be considered as a part of basic safety training.紧急逃生呼吸装置的使用培训应作为基本安全培训的一部分。
5.23 If the vessel has an Exhaust Gas Cleaning System (scrubber system), is it in good working order, are the engineers familiar with its safe operation, and have procedures been incorporated into the Safety Management System?
如果船舶有废气净化系统(洗涤系统)，其工作状态是否良好，工程师是否熟悉其安全操作，并已将相关程序纳入安全管理系统?
Crew should be fully trained to handle the scrubber system and hazardous chemicals used for the process. They should also be trained to deal with medical emergencies. Hazardous chemicals are used in a number of Exhaust Gas Cleaning System (EGCS ) and adequate controls should be put in place to protect the ship’s staff.
船上工作人员应充分接受培训，旨在操作洗涤系统和该过程用到的危险化学品。他们还应该接受处理紧急医疗事故的培训。许多废气清洁系统（EGCS）中使用了危险化学品，因此应采取适当的控制措施，以保护船舶工作人员。
8.18 If coal cargo is being carried, was the ship equipped with appropriate instruments for monitoring the temperature of the cargo, the atmosphere in the cargo hold and the pH value of cargo bilge sample, and are the instruments, including the gas sampling points, in good working order? (V)
如载运煤炭货物，船上是否备有适当仪器，以监控货物的温度、货舱内的气体及货底水的酸碱度，而仪器(包括气体采样点)是否工况良好?
8.18 Are the master’s appointed representatives for fumigation trained and is there evidence to show that they have been effectively performing duties associated with this task? (V)
船长指定的熏蒸代表人员是否接受过培训，是否有证据证明他们有效地履行了与此任务相关的职责？
Guide to Inspection检查指南
Before fumigation is conducted, one officer and one crew member, both of whom have been trained (i.e. shown the information on the fumigant Safety Data Sheet and the instructions for fumigant use), should be designated as the “trained representatives of the master”. These representatives must:
在进行熏蒸前，应指定一名经过培训的驾驶员和一名船员（即在熏蒸剂安全数据表和熏蒸剂使用说明上有身份信息的人）为“船长的培训代表”。这些代表人必须：
> Brief the crew before a fumigation takes place and satisfy the fumigator-in-charge that this has been done.
在进行熏蒸前向机组人员进行简要说明，并使负责熏蒸的人员确信熏蒸工作已经完成。
8.27 Have personnel engaged in cargo securing operations been provided with relevant training and familiarisation? (V)
系固货物的人员是否接受过相关培训，并熟悉相关内容？
RightShip recommends that personnel engaged in cargo securing operations attend a formal training course.
RightShip（船舶评估机构）建议，系固货物的人员应接受正规训练。
Personnel engaged in cargo-securing operations should be trained in the lashing and unlashing of containers as necessary to carry out their duties in a safe manner. This should include the different types of lashing equipment that are expected to be used.
系固货物的人员应接受必要的培训，学习系固和解扎集装箱，以便在保证安全的前提下履行职责。其中应包括待使用的不同类型的系固设备。
> Personnel engaged in cargo-securing operations should be trained in the identification and handling of bad order or defective securing gear in accordance with each ship’s procedures, to ensure damaged gear is segregated for repair and maintenance or disposal.
系固货物的人员应接受培训，依靠每艘船的程序，识别和处理不良包装或有缺陷的系固装置，来确保受损装置被分开，以便维修和维护或处置。
Personnel engaged in cargo-securing operations should be trained to develop the knowledge and mental and physical manual handling skills that they require to do their job safely and efficiently, and to develop general safety awareness to recognise and avoid potential dangers.
货物系固人员应接受培训，了解他们安全有效完成工作所需的知识，以及脑力和体力上的人力装卸技能，并培养一般安全意识，以识别和避免潜在的危险。
9.2 Is there a procedure in place for the safe operation and inspection of hatch covers and, has the Master/Chief Officer received appropriate training in hatch cover inspection and maintenance?
是否有舱盖安全操作和检查程序，船长/大副是否接受过舱口盖检查和维护的适当培训?
Where not bespoke, the formal training course can be of a generic nature but this must be supplemented with type-specific material for the hatch covers fitted. The vessel’s manager should strongly consider using audiovisual materials, as they have been proven to enhance knowledge retention and the learning experience.
如果不是专门定制的，正式培训课程可以是通用性质的，但必须补充与安装的舱口盖的类型相关的材料。船舶管理人员应强烈考虑使用视听材料，因为这些材料已被证明可以增强知识留存和学习体验。
The term "Audiovisual" is used to describe the combination of audio, video, and digital technologies that deliver information in an engaging and creative manner, assisting learners in better understanding concepts.
“视听”一词用来描述音频、视频和数字技术的结合，这些技术以一种吸引人且富有创意的方式传递信息，帮助学习者更好地理解概念。
Participants should receive a training certificate(s) that clearly indicates the duration of the course(s), method of delivery, provider, type of hatch cover (where applicable) and date of training.
参与者应获得培训证书，证书上应清楚注明课程的持续时间、授课方式、提供者、舱口盖的类型（如适用）以及培训日期。
12.2 Has a Ship Security Officer (SSO) been appointed and trained adequately to perform the duties of SSO and have all crew received security-related training and instructions? (V)
是否指派船舶保安员(SSO)，此保安员是否接受过适当的培训以履行其职责，所有船员是否都接受过与安全相关的培训和指导？
13.11 Is an effective and up to date planned maintenance system available and being followed on board the vessel? (V & M)是否有一个有效的和最新的计划保养系统，并在船上执行？
The officers and engineers are not familiar with the use of software and have not received formal training
驾驶员和轮机员不熟悉软件的使用，没有接受过正式的培训
15.12 Has company provided training for on-board key personnel in recognising signs of mental health problems? (V)
公司是否为船上的关键人员提供了心理健康问题迹象鉴别培训？
Key personnel including the master, chief engineer, chief officer and second engineer.
关键人员包括船长、轮机长、大副、大管轮。
The company should provide, or arrange, training for management-level personnel on-board ships and ashore in recognising signs of mental health problems, facilitating discussions in staff meetings about mental health and having sensitive and supportive conversations with sufferers of mental health problems.
(Guidelines to shipping companies on mental health awareness, 2018)
公司应为船上和岸上的管理级人员提供/安排培训，以提高其鉴别心理健康问题迹象的能力，鼓励员工在会议上讨论心理健康问题，并与心理健康问题患者进行敏感和支持性对话。
16.3 Is the vessel appropriately manned by adequately qualified, trained, and experienced personnel? (V)
船舶是否由合格、训练有素和经验丰富的人员操作？
When required by the Polar Code, Masters, Chief Mates and Officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships operating in polar waters are to hold the CoP in Basic Training for ships operating in polar waters. Every candidate for the CoP in Basic Training for ships operating in polar waters shall have completed an approved basic training course. There are no special seagoing service or experience requirements for this level of training.
根据《极地规则》的要求，船长、大副和负责极地水域船舶航行值班的高级船员应为在极地水域作业的船舶举办培训合格证书的。极地水域船舶培训合格证书(CoP)基本培训的申请人必须完成经批准的基本培训课程。这一级别的培训没有特殊航海服务或经验要求。
Advanced Training:高级培训：
When required by the Polar Code, Masters and Chief Mates on ships operating in polar waters are to hold the CoP in Advanced Training for ships operating in polar waters.
根据《极地规则》的要求，在极地水域作业的船舶，其船长和大副应在极地水域作业船舶中举行培训合格证书(CoP)高级培训。
从Rightship检查清单里的内容来看很多船管已经计划了很多有价值的培训，例如贝仕，Mintra的培训内容，图文并茂，简单易懂，遗憾的是管理的散货船数量在锐减，尤其是船东更换管理公司后，原先注册账号基本都终止了。还是建议大家尽早完成相应培训。并且相应的培训内容，跟目前检查的动态极度吻痕，兼顾目前航运市场船管的主流动态，以适应目前新的要求。
